What IS Active Recovery?

marathon runner

Active recovery could be defined as an easier workout compared to your normal routine. Typically this workout would be done on off day from training. Generally an active recovery workout is less intense and has less volume. For example, a trainee worried about body composition goals could do active recovery by taking a brisk walk on an off day.

When defining active recovery, context comes into play. To a marathon runner, jogging at a slow pace on an off day will likely have little impact on their ability to maintain intense workouts on their scheduled training days; in fact, it ultimately may help his fitness goals.

Yet to an unfit person just starting exercise, anything beyond walking for a couple minutes might be a tough workout. The stress added by doing too much to soon might outpace the body’s ability to adapt to exercise. Thus it is important to consider a persons current fitness level when considering what is appropriate for active recovery.

As a general rule, exercise qualifies as active recovery if you feel better after exercising compared to before you started.

Is Active Recovery Beneficial?

Active recovery, opposed to passive recovery (which means complete rest from exercise), may have several distinct advantages. Some believe that active recovery workouts help prime your body’s metabolic pathways of recovery.

Some believe active recovery is idealized, and claim that less intense exercise simply does not add to training stress. This camp argues that light workouts do not stimulate an added benefit to recovery; they simply are easy enough that they do not stop the body from recovering as it would.

Regardless of the mechanism many have seen benefits to including active recovery in their fitness plans. For some, the psychological benefits of active recovery are apparent. Anecdotally, many people feel better when they exercise daily. Movement has the capability to elevate mood among other positive attributes.

Fitness

Fitness

Does “Active Recovery” seem paradoxical to you?
Recovery traditionally implies taking periods of time off from exercise, while activity is just the opposite. Fitness misinformation has generally promoted the idea that activity and recovery are mutually exclusive.

Fitness adages such as, “muscles grow at rest,” or “everyone should take one or two off days,” each week have promoted the idea that regular abstinence from exercise every week is necessary.

On one hand these sayings have helped many recognize the importance of rest and recovery – concepts that over zealous exercisers take for granted.

Yet who is to say that we shouldn’t exercise every day. Trainees can yield benefits from daily exercise: the secret lies behind choosing the right dose of exercise on your “off days.” For those that have respect for governing the dose of exercise, daily exercise is not only possible but can be beneficial. Here, active recovery comes into the equation.

Active Recovery

Active Recovery

We all have those days when we are just too beat up to workout. Our muscles are sore, limbs are stiff, and the idea of throwing a heavy barbell above our head is pretty much the last thing we want to be doing. Our bodies are telling us to take a day off to recover, and we would be foolish not to listen. So what do you do on your day off? Do you rest and take it easy? Or do you recover?

You may be surprised to learn that there is a difference between rest and recovery—though both are crucial in enhancing performance. Rest is generally categorized as sleep and time spent not training or exercising. Recovery, on the other hand, refers to techniques and actions taken to maximize your body’s repair. And this doesn’t just mean muscle repair. Recovery involves chemical and hormonal balance, nervous system repair, mental state and more. There are different factors such as sleep, diet and hydration that can all be beneficial, but one of the most effective methods of helping the body (and mind) recover is through active recovery.

Active recovery (AR) focuses on completing an exercise at a low intensity, but high enough to increase blood flow and enhance the clearance of enzymes responsible for muscle damage and residual fatigue. Therefore AR plays a huge role in minimizing the symptoms of DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness). I have no doubt that you are all familiar with DOMS. Do you ever wonder why, after a strenuous workout, you might not feel sore until the next day—or even two days later? This is due to lactic acid building up in your muscles during anaerobic (without oxygen) exercise. The molecules in lactic acid break apart in the blood and produce hydrogen ions, which decrease the pH of the blood—which in turn causes something called metabolic acidosis, which leads to the pain you feel during exercise and DOMS. Where AR comes into play is that it can help clear this lactic acid through a sustained elevated metabolic rate which generates lactate oxidation. This is why cooling down post-WOD with some light work on the rower coupled with mobility is so valuable to reducing the effects of DOMS and allowing you to perform at similar levels throughout the week.

However, AR isn’t solely limited to post-WOD or ‘day off’ use.  In 2006, a study published in the Journal of Sports Science and Medicine sought to test the effects of short duration active recovery in climbing. In this randomly assigned crossover study, 10 climbers completed five two-minute climbing trails before a two minute active or passive recovery. This was followed by a one and a half minute passive refocusing period for all climbers before the subsequent climbing trial. Heart rate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and lactate concentration were all monitored during the trial. Following the active recovery phase, athletes had higher heart rates than when following the passive recovery protocol (as you’d expect), but by the end of the refocusing phase the active recovery protocol led to lower heart rates than those produced by the entire passive recovery period. Furthermore, lactate concentration, as well as RPE, was significantly lower in the climbers who had engaged in active recovery protocols. The study also suggested that ‘the use of larger and or alternative muscle groups in the active recovery may benefit lactate clearance’.

So now you know why active recovery is so important, it’s time to start implementing it into your weekly schedule (assuming you already do AR immediately post WOD—if not, start doing so!). There are various activities you could partake in, but it’s important to find one that suits you and that you actually enjoy. Remember, this is time you’re spending away from CrossFit and the pressures of the WOD. Whether its swimming, cycling, kayaking, basketball, hiking, running, etc., make sure you are doing the activity at 60-70% effort—an easy, restorative pace. Once you are done with that, take some time to work on mobility and maintenance to make sure you have completely flushed out all the nasty lactate acid to put yourself in the best physical condition for your return to the box. You may also want to use your active recovery time to work on a skill (like swimming or rowing) or technical aspects in your Olympic lifts or gymnastic movements. However, I would recommend doing something other than CrossFit-related activities. Your body and your mind could use a break from the box—and that’s ok, it’s not a crime! Too much of anything is not a good thing. As Greg Glassman says, “Regularly learn and play new sports.” Get outside and play with your fitness!